Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Volatile Organic Compounds are toxic organic chemicals with higher tendencies to change from liquid to vapor phase under typical earth pressures and temperatures, and usually have little-to-no water solubility characteristics. VOCs are commonly found within hydrocarbon-based fuel additives, industrial solvents, refrigerants, hydraulic fluids, degreasers, and more. These…

Zeolites Definition In geology, zeolites are a group of hydro-alumino-silicate minerals that are compositionally analogous to the feldspars. Zeolites typically comprise sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), or potassium (K) as chief metals. And zeolites also tend to develop within basalt cavities, lake sediments, oceanic sediments, and volcanic tuff. Modern Economical uses of the Zeolites Modernly, zeolites…

Petroleum Extraction Well (Oil Well) Petroleum Extraction Well (Oil Well): A petroleum extraction well, or an oil well, is a deep borehole or shaft sunk into the Earth for the exploration of oil or gas. Additionally, injection wells are often drilled to inject fluids or gas for stimulating oil recovery, re-pressurizing or pressure maintenance of…

Mesosphere Mesosphere: The mesosphere of a terrestrial planet is the third member of the atmosphere. On Earth, the mesosphere starts atop the stratosphere at approximately 50 kilometers above mean sea level and terminates roughly 85 kilometers above mean sea level. The mesosphere is where most meteors burn to determination. Like the stratosphere, the air in…

Dry Density (ρd) “Dry Density” (ρd) is a value that represents the density of soil when it is completely dry. To illustrate, it equates to (“bulk density” / 1) + “water content.” This is a common geotechnical engineering laboratory procedure. Dry Density Formula Dry Density = [(Bulk Density ÷ 1) + (Water Content)]

Facies Facies: In the field of geology, the term “facies” represents a mappable, areally restricted part of a rock body that has different fossils or lithology from other contiguous beds deposited at the same time.